Archives for July 2020

Sateliot has sealed an agreement with the Gatehouse Group to develop the world’s first NB-IoT network, which will enable the company to offer global 5G connectivity once their LEO smallsat constellation is deployed.

This agreement with Gatehouse is part of the $4.6 million investment plan in R&D of Sateliot and is one of the three projects that the Spanish company will carry out in the next two years.

Specifically, this work will consist of adapting the NB-IoT Slack Protocol and the NB-IoT waveform so that IoT terminals can be connected to Sateliot’s LEO satellite network whenever they do not have land coverage or are deployed in areas where there is no classic mobile communication infrastructure, such as remote regions of the Arctic or the Australian outback, for example.

Within this framework, both companies will develop a ‘laboratory environment’ where they will simulate the connection using configurable hardware and test the commercial Sateliot services that are expected to start operating in the third quarter of 2022.

Sateliot’s research and work with Gatehouse will contribute to the implementation of the 5G NB-IoT international standard for small and low altitude satellite networks promoted by the 3GPP association, responsible for the 3G/4G and 5G standard, of which Sateliot is an active member. This innovative standard will also be patentable for Sateliot’s exclusive use.

Nevertheless, and according to these implementations and developments, the company will deploy from the last part of the year a constellation composed of up to 100 of these devices. With the size of a microwave, they will orbit some 500 km from the Earth, rising as telecommunications towers from space that will provide an extension of coverage to traditional operators so that they can connect objects anywhere terrestrial networks do not reach.

Executive Comments

For Michael Bondo Andersen, CEO of Gatehouse, “Considering the potential of the New Space or data as 2.7 million IOT devices are connected today through satellites, it is necessary to develop a solution that moves the NB-IOT protocols into space.”

According to Marco Guadalupi, technical director of Sateliot, “Our agreement with Gatehouse is strategic and fundamental for the implementation of our services. And a differentiating step since it will allow us to put our expertise in the main organizations of the sector of which we are members such as 3GPP, GSMA, ETSI or 5G IA“.

Sateliot will provide global and continuous connectivity to all the elements that will make up the universe of the Internet of Things (IoT) – such as the car or the house connected – under the 5G protocol. Thanks to a constellation of the latest generation of smallsats, located at low altitude that act as mobile towers, Sateliot is the perfect complement to the large telecommunications companies by providing them with the necessary infrastructure where terrestrial technologies do not reach.

Loft Orbital Solutions Inc. (Loft Orbital) has signed a contract with LeoStella to build and integrate satellite buses for several upcoming Loft Orbital missions.

Under the contract, LeoStella will use their state-of-the-art manufacturing facility, which opened in 2019, to produce multiple satellites, based on ESPA-class buses for use in Loft Orbital’s upcoming missions, including its YAM-3 and YAM-5 satellites. YAM stands for “Yet Another Mission.” These buses will be nearly identical in design to the LeoStella satellite bus product line it has developed for other customers.

Loft Orbital flies customer payloads as a service, handling the entire mission on behalf of its customers while ensuring that the customer remains in control of payload operations. Loft Orbital has developed the hardware and software technologies needed to fly multiple payloads on a common bus design without mission-specific customization.

These technologies allow it to procure satellite buses in advance of knowing the payload configuration of the mission, supporting imagers and cameras, radio frequency sensors, scientific payloads for geophysical research or space science, weather and climate sensors, and specialized sensors focused on national security missions. This approach results in a service that provides unparalleled speed to orbit and reliability for Loft customers.

Loft Orbital’s upcoming missions will fly a variety of customer payloads, including a demonstration for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s (DARPA) Blackjack program, multiple Internet of Things (IoT) payloads for Eutelsat as well as a hyperspectral imager for the United Arab Emirates government. Loft Orbital is currently executing several YAM missions scheduled to launch throughout the next 24 months.

Both LeoStella and Loft Orbital are approaching the increasing industry demand with a similar mindset. LeoStella is leveraging its new facility, outfitted with intelligent workstations, connected tools, and unique automated integration and test approaches combined with a robust supply chain to introduce newfound flexibility and efficiency into satellite production.

Loft Orbital has developed the Payload Hub, a modular, hardware and software payload interface unit that enables it to rideshare any payload configuration on a standard satellite bus. The company has also developed the highly automated Cockpit Mission Control System, which enables customers to task their payload without the burden of conducting mission operations.

Executive Comments

“Loft has developed the hardware and software product stack that enables us to fly a wide range of payloads on a standard bus design,” said Pierre-Damien Vaujour, Co-CEO of Loft Orbital. “Leveraging LeoStella’s existing bus architecture and its flexible production facility provides us with a reliable satellite bus twice as fast as any other vendor. That translates into massive value for our customers in the form of a faster schedule and lower program risk because we procure satellites well in advance of manifesting our missions. We couldn’t be more excited for this partnership.”

“Loft’s innovative approach to payload configuration coupled with LeoStella’s rapid manufacturing of high-quality satellites reduces the barrier of access to space,” said Brian Rider, the CTO at LeoStella. “We are excited about this program with Loft as it demonstrates our ability to minimize the cost and reduce the time required to manufacture satellites. The road to space has never been shorter.”

Morgan Stanley believes two to three LEO constellations could be fully operational within the next five years; however, funding and technology remain strong impediments.

LEO operators could drive gross global satellite capacity up by 20x in the coming years: Current global high-throughput satellite (HTS) capacity is sits at less than 3 Tbps with LEO operators looking to launch close to 200 Tbps more over the next five years.

SpaceX’s Starlink is the largest contributor by far, but we are also focused on efforts from OneWeb, Telesat, Kepler and Kuiper (Amazon). In order to provide continuous coverage at low elevations, each of these companies plans to launch hundreds or thousands of satellites to service customers globally.

Significant obstacles remain: While the current LEO race was borne out of a desire to connect the ~4 billion people globally currently without internet access, the economic viability of these constellations is still a key debate. By their design, LEO systems distribute capacity evenly across the Earth’s surface, but populations are unevenly distributed as ~70% of the Earth is covered by water with people largely concentrated in just 10% of the remaining area.

Other key concerns include ground network technology, user terminal costs, high ongoing capex needs and regulatory hurdles (including orbital debris). Total build costs for the proposed LEO constellations are still unknown and vary widely given the scope of each project. In our separate SpaceX note, we estimate the full Starlink constellation could ultimately cost ~$40 billion to build with an additional ~$130 billion for user terminals (see Space: The Wide Range of Outcomes for SpaceX).

LEOs are likely to struggle against VHTS GEO but could impair older GEO satellites: The company performed an analysis comparing LEO constellation capacity costs against various types of GEO satellites and found that next-generation VHTS Ka-band GEO satellites are ~5x more efficient. However, they could outperform legacy HTS Ku-band satellites, which could impair those legacy assets and exert further pricing pressure in the industry.

Significant addressable markets, but economics remain a major factor: As noted above, the largest addressable market is providing internet to the billions of unserved and underserved people globally. However, satellite broadband has struggled to grow beyond 2% market share in the US and 1% globally due to its high relative cost and capacity limitations, while LEO constellations will also have to address user terminals that cost three times as much as GEO terminals.

More attractive markets that lack terrestrial alternatives and face fewer economic barriers include aeronautical, maritime, enterprise, wireless backhaul, IoT and government with each offering the potential for billions in annual revenue.

OneWeb, now in the process of being acquired by the British government and Indian telco giant Bharti Global, is going ahead with building satellites ahead of any decision to incorporate the UK’s plans for a rival global positioning system to rival Europe’s Galileo.

OneWeb’s bankruptcy court permitted the British and Indian joint-venture, (called ‘BidCo 100’) to pay $50.7 million into OneWeb in order to start re-building its initial constellation of some 648 satellites. OneWeb is authorized by the FCC to launch 720 craft out of a potential 1,980 mega-constellation. OneWeb also has an application with the FCC to dramatically expand the number of satellites up to 48,000.

OneWeb is under an ITU timetable to get its satellites into orbit, not the least of which is because the ITU requires a large proportion of the fleet to be in orbit. OneWeb told the FCC that it would be providing service to Alaska by 2019 and rapidly rolling out its service to the rest of the US.

OneWeb is obliged by the ITU to launch 360 satellites by June 2023 and 720 by June 2026. Failure to keep to this timetable will risk the core OneWeb spectrum licenses. The FCC has endorsed this timetable.

Currently, OneWeb has just 74 satellites on-orbit and the agreement with the incoming new owners UK/Bharti will honor most of the existing supply and launch contracts. Arianespace, for example, was under contract to launch 21 of its Soyuz rockets plus 3 launches of the new Ariane-6 rocket (itself delayed until later in 2021). Each Soyuz would carry 34 satellites.

However, Arianespace also wants more cash. The old contract called for a total of $273.8 million for the launches. Arianespace now says that the original sum, of course, does not include interest owed on the old contract and is now seeking $286 million.

Add to these complications the inevitable bankruptcy process and it is highly unlikely that the current fleet of satellites under production will be further delayed in order for global positioning modifications to take place.

Prior to the bankruptcy, OneWeb was producing satellites at around two per day. At 34 satellites per launch – and an obliged 300 craft still to be launched to meet the ITU rules – ten launches will see the task completed; however, the demands are considerable. Waiting for the bankruptcy to be fully concluded, and making positioning modifications, makes this timetable much tighter.

Last week, Airbus confirmed that it was committed to its joint-venture with OneWeb in Florida and would continue operating the joint venture’s Florida factory to turn out OneWeb’s satellites. The joint venture would also continue to seek other – non-OneWeb – satellite orders.

There are also reports that the UK is not insisting on early adoption of its satellite positioning plans. The UK’s science, research and innovation minister Amanda Solloway said that she believes ‘new’ OneWeb would be profitable. “This investment is likely to make an economic return, with due diligence showing a strong commercial basis for investment. The deal contributes to the government’s plan to join the first rank of space nations, and signals the government’s ambition for the UK to be a pioneer in the research, development, manufacturing, and exploitation of novel satellite technologies enabling enhanced broadband through the ownership of a fleet of Low Earth Orbit satellites.”

Report by journalist Chris Forrester, filing at the Advanced Television infosite…

Singapore’s answer to the global small launch vehicle movement, Equatorial Space Systems, joins Singapore Space & Technology Ltd. (SSTL)’s Space-based Accelerator Program.

The is set to provide regional space and deep tech startups with insights, skill sets and resources to become commercially viable, and leverages SSTL’s deep space industry network to assist startups with high-growth potential.

Equatorial Space Systems is a Singapore-based space tech startup developing innovative technologies for space launch and exploration activities. With its proprietary hybrid propulsion technology, ESS makes rockets safer, less expensive and more flexible than ever before.

Aiming for the first orbital launch by 2022, ESI has previously been crowned the winner of MBRSC Innovation Cup 2018 in Dubai, a Top 500 Deep Tech Startup by Hello Tomorrow 2018, as well as the Most Promising Startup at the NAMIC Innovation Day 2019.

The Singapore Space and Technology Ltd (SSTL), previously Singapore Space and Technology Association (SSTA), is a leading space organization in Southeast Asia. As an advocate and thought leader, SSTL is active in the space industry, spearheading the adoption of space-related technologies, and fostering partnerships between various stakeholders to promote and grow the regional space ecosystem.

Through hosting global meets that involve consumers, space research organisations, leading and emerging technology companies, venture capitalists and space agencies from around the world, it promotes and creates opportunities for accelerating innovation and talent development.

Executive Comments

For the Founder and CEO of Equatorial Space, Simon Gwozdz, this is more than business – it’s personal. “I remember attending the presentation day of the Singapore Space Challenge back in 2015. I was looking for a way into the ecosystem and SSC looked like a good place to start. Some of the SSTL’s staff had a chat with me, and decided to give me a shot at volunteering at their events. That’s how I got the insights and contacts essential to starting Equatorial Space,” he stated.

“It is heartening to see how SSTL’s suite of programs synergistically spur and support interest in this exciting industry. The accelerator program aims to take on the uphill task of encouraging practical adoption of space-related technologies and at the same time, grow a collaborative space tech ecosystem in the region. ” said Lynette Tan, Chief Executive of SSTL.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems, Inc. have reached a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) to develop innovative compact and robust telescopes for smallsats.

The four-year, $2 million CRADA will combine LLNL’s Monolithic Telescope (MonoTele) technology with Tyvak’s expertise producing high-reliability spacecraft. In the future, the advanced optical imaging payloads may be employed to collect information for remote sensing data users.

The MonoTele consists of a space telescope fabricated from a single, monolithic fused silica slab, allowing the optic lens to operate within tight tolerances. This approach does not require on-orbit alignment, greatly simplifying spacecraft design and favorably affecting spacecraft size, weight and power needs.

Tyvak will provide the spacecraft and payload, consisting of the MonoTele, sensor, and electronics, ensuring survivability in a demanding vibration environment during launch and wide-ranging temperatures on-orbit. LLNL will then apply its knowledge of novel optical payloads to develop, test, and process data gathered from the sensors.

Developed by LLNL over the past eight years, the MonoTele space telescopes range in size from one inch (called the mini-monolith) to 14 inches.

The MonoTele technology provides imaging for nanosatellites, about the size of a large shoebox and weighing less than 22 pounds, and microsatellites, about the size of a dorm refrigerator and weighing up to several hundred pounds.

LLNL researchers undertook the development of the tiny one-inch, mini-monolith for use in star trackers, a component that every satellite has one or more of, and is used to find the satellite’s “attitude” or orientation. Attached to the satellite’s body, the star trackers compare the satellite’s position relative to the position of the stars to determine their orientation.

Typically, space telescopes have two optical mirrors – a larger primary mirror and a smaller secondary mirror – that face each other. If the mirrors go out of alignment, the image becomes fuzzy.

To keep the mirrors in alignment, a metering structure is typically employed to maintain the mirrors in place. But metering structures can be expensive and can go out of alignment.

To solve this problem, LLNL optical scientist Brian Bauman came up with the idea of the MonoTele – replacing the two mirrors and metering structure with one solid piece of glass, with optical shapes and reflective coatings at both ends of the glass.

The MonoTele concept was inspired by the design of the mirrors used for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope that is under construction in Chile, due to come online in 2023 and expected to image some 20 billion galaxies.

Under this CRADA, LLNL and Tyvak expect to develop additional MonoTele-type telescopes capable of operating in other wavelength bands, such as ultraviolet and short-wave infrared, and as a spectrometer instrument.

The telescopes, which would be demonstrated in space, also would feature compact and low-power focus mechanisms for missions requiring agile optics technology.

The MonoTele smallsat imaging payloads can be used across multiple applications and will serve Earth observation, space situational awareness, and satellite navigation initiatives.

Executive Comments

“I’m excited about this technology transitioning from LLNL to space demonstration and eventual commercial use,” said Alex Pertica, the deputy program leader for LLNL’s Space Science and Security Program (SSSP).

“We are delighted to have formalized this collaborative effort with LLNL to demonstrate and commercialize advanced optical imaging technology,” said Anthony Previte, Tyvak’s CEO. “Together, we will enable end users to achieve their mission goals in many space-based markets. Several telescopes with the MonoTele technology have flown in space. They’ve performed very well — the one-inch, mini-monolith version is now flying aboard Tyvak-0129. The technology’s first space mission was the GEOstare satellite, which launched in January 2018.”

“Partnering under a CRADA with outside industry was the natural next step for commercializing the technology,” said David Dawes, Business Development Executive commercializing lasers, optics and radiation detection innovations at LLNL. “We look forward to working with Tyvak. The CRADA gives Tyvak the option to license LLNL intellectual property (IP) or joint IP developed under this collaboration, in addition to any of the Lab’s existing background IP required to practice the subject inventions.”

HawkEye 360 Inc. has successfully completed environmental testing of their second cluster of three smallsats.

This significant milestone for HawkEye Cluster 2 clears the way to prepare for launch, which is scheduled for late 2020. HawkEye Cluster 2 will join the company’s first cluster of satellites that were launched in December 2018, doubling the size of HawkEye 360’s constellation.

This is the first cluster in a series of next generation satellites that will improve revisit rates and bring increasingly robust RF data insights to US and international customers to inform their decision-making processes.

HawkEye 360 has five more clusters of satellites fully financed and under development for launch in 2021 and early 2022. This growing constellation identifies and precisely geolocates a broad set of RF signals from emitters such as VHF marine radios, UHF push-to-talk radios, maritime radar systems, AIS beacons, L-band satellite devices, emergency beacons and more. HawkEye 360 processes and analyzes this data using proprietary algorithms and machine-learning tools to deliver actionable insights to customers.

HawkEye Cluster 2 features significant advancements:

• Improved Capability: The satellites contain a new and improved software-defined radio (SDR) that can tune to a wide range of frequencies and gather higher-resolution signal data to deliver quality results to customers.
• Greater Accuracy: With powerful updated on-board computing, the satellites can process data at a faster rate, leading to increased geolocations with an even greater degree of accuracy, so customers receive the best possible RF geospatial intelligence.
• Simultaneous Collection: The satellites can simultaneously collect multiple signals over a single region for enhanced analytics that help customers make more informed decisions.

HawkEye 360 built the RF payloads, which UTIAS Space Flight Laboratory (SFL) integrated into the satellite bus. SFL conducted the environmental testing efforts, which included vibration, thermal vacuum, and electromagnetic interference testing. These tests simulate the environment the satellites will encounter in space. The next step is to prepare the satellites for launch integration.

Executive Comment

“HawkEye 360’s investment to advance the field of space-based RF geoanalytics isn’t just about defense and intelligence missions, but it’s also about protecting our global commons by identifying and tracking illicit activities such as illegal fishing, human trafficking, and animal poaching,” said HawkEye 360’s CEO, John Serafini. “In just 18 months, our first cluster has tracked 20 million geolocations and signals of interest to feed growing demand from civil service and defense clients around the world. The successful environmental testing of our HawkEye Cluster 2 satellites brings us one step closer to our goal of a fully operational constellation that will transform invisible signals into insights that make the world a safer place.”

“Each new cluster increases HawkEye 360’s capacity to collect more data that we can then process, analyze and deliver as relevant and robust data insights,” said HawkEye 360’s COO, Rob Rainhart. “The highly advanced HawkEye Cluster 2 satellites can capture multiple signal layers at once to create a more accurate and detailed visual of activity and then bring that data down in a shorter period of time for our customers’ benefit.”