• Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Home
  • News
  • Featured
  • More News ⌄
    • SatNews
    • SatMagazine
    • MilSatMagazine
  • Events ⌄
    • MilSat Symposium
    • SmallSat Symposium
    • Satellite Innovation
  • Contacts
  • SUBSCRIPTION

SmallSat News

You are here: Home / Archives for 2020

Archives for 2020

Smallsat Pilot Project Initiated by NanoAvionics with the Mexican Space Agency

April 17, 2020 by editorial

Smallsat manufacturer and mission integrator NanoAvionics, together with the Mexican Space Agency (AEM) and students from the Polytechnic University of Atlacomulco, will develop the first nanosatellite for the State of Mexico, the AtlaCom-1.

Building the smallsat is part of a pilot project to establish a nanosatellite infrastructure for future space missions designed and built by Mexico’s youth.


The NanoAvionics M6P smallsat bus.

The project, starting in September of 2020, is a testimony to the importance of space applications enabled by nanosatellites, which are rapidly becoming essential to national economies. Together, the Mexican Space Agency, led by Dr. Salvador Landeros, appointed director general of AEM in 2019, and NanoAvionics are fostering the advanced skills that Mexican youth will need to bring the country’s space industry forward.

NanoAvionics’ engineers will share their space mission experience and help the students and faculty at the Polytechnic University of Atlacomulco to develop the ATLA-1. The company’s multi-purpose nanosatellite buses are pre-configured and pre-qualified, allowing mission teams to focus on their payloads. As a result, technology development missions can produce results quicker and satellite constellations can enter commercial service much faster.

The project is further supported by the Mayor of Atlacomulco, Roberto Téllez-Monroy, an engineer with a passion for space technology.


F. Brent Abbott

Brent Abbott, the CEO of NanoAvionics US Inc., said the company’s participation in this educational pilot project with the Mexican Space Agency further confirms the firm’s status as a global mission integrator and the company’s determination to advance STEM education. NanoAvionics is continuing its work with universities and is proud to support AEM’s STEM efforts. Benefiting from NanoAvionics’ great expertise and technology, Mexican students will gain prodigious knowledge and skills to participate in their country’s growing space economy and experience the entire development and operation cycle of a space mission. To make sure all members involved in building the nanosatellite are protected, we’ll put the same strict guidelines, safety equipment and measures in place the company is already using in the firm’s manufacturing facilities.”

Mayor Téllez-Monroy added that nanosatellites and other technologies, such as breakthroughs in robotics, 3D-printing and biotech, mark the fourth industrial revolution and promise enormous economic benefits, not only to Mexico, but the entire world. NanoAvionics’ commitment to developing the technical skills of students in Atlacomulco will help building a solid foundation for Mexico’s emerging nanosatellite industry.

Filed Under: News

Ovzon and Airbus Defence and Space Enter Into a Reseller Agreement for SATCOM Services

April 15, 2020 by editorial

Ovzon and Airbus Defence and Space have entered into a partnership through a reseller agreement wherein Airbus will include Ovzon’s innovative satellite communication services into their portfolio in the UK.

Together, Ovzon and Airbus will market Ovzon’s end-to-end services that include Ovzon’s mobile terminals and efficient, reliable support.

Airbus will integrate the Ovzon solution in to its extensive satellite communications product and system portfolio.

From late 2021, the offering will be expanded to include Ovzon’s own first satellite. According to the firm, this is an important step to further revolutionize mobile broadband by satellite, offering the highest bandwidth with the smallest terminals. Ovzon 3 is the first of a number of satellites planned for global reach of Ovzon’s high-end service.


Artistic rendition of the Ovzon 3 smallsat on-orbit.
Image is courtesy of the company.

Airbus is a leading integrator and provider of advanced secure satellite communication services and network management infrastructure. Airbus delivers flexibility, resiliency and security for governments, militaries and international agencies with an end-to-end service offer bringing the most comprehensive bandwidth and terminal portfolio coupled with leading capabilities in network services and solutions.

Magnus René, CEO of Ovzon, said the firm is excited to team with Airbus for them to include the company’s industry leading, end-to-end, satellite service in their product portfolio. Their professional team has a long history and legacy supplying satellite-based communication services to demanding customers.

Richard Budd, Head of Secure Communications in the UK and US at Airbus Defence and Space added that the company is always looking to ensure customers are benefiting from the best and latest technologies as part of the company’s ongoing service capability and offering. Being able to offer Ovzon’s advanced services and associated exciting mobile terminals to the firm’s portfolio means Airbus can continue to bring the best available solutions to the front line commands and end users.

Filed Under: News

More Accurate and Timely Weather Data Now Available from GeoOptical’s CICERO Smallsat Constellation

April 15, 2020 by editorial

GeoOptics, Inc. has launched an original radio occultation data processing system called the GeoOptics Processor for Radio Occultation (GeoPRO) that provide even more accurate and timely weather data from its CICERO constellation of radio occultation (RO) satellites — CICERO smallsats are designed to create the most detailed picture ever assembled of the Earth’s ionosphere and atmosphere.

For many years, detailed scientific analyses of radio occultation data have used a precise processing method called “phase-matching” to produce the most accurate radio occultation profiles possible. However, this method was generally considered too resource intensive for use in real-time data processing for operational weather modeling and forecasting.


GeoOptics Processor for Radio Occultation (GeoPRO) produces spectrograms that reveal the disintegration of the dual-frequency raw radio occultation signal at lower altitudes. The red areas are signals reaching the receiver after passing through the atmosphere. The dashed line is the processed atmospheric bending angle on each frequency generated by GeoPRO. Image is courtesy of GeoOptics.

GeoOptics has developed GeoPRO as a real-time phase-matching processing system built around the on-demand parallelism enabled by serverless cloud-computing services, sometimes referred to as “Serverless Supercomputing.” By optimizing the processing system and running it on massively parallel serverless infrastructure, GeoPRO enables near-real-time phase-matching processing of large quantities of radio occultation data.

Traditionally, the processing of radio occultation data has been undertaken in a batch processing mode in which relatively large chunks of data are processed together and then released. However, as the number of GeoOptics satellites and ground stations increases, data will arrive much more frequently, requiring a different mode of operations to minimize data latency and maximize utility. GeoPRO is designed to make that transition possible.

Data from the new processing system have been made available to scientists around the world and GeoOptics commercial data partners. Due to the accuracy of the data processing and the quality of the Cion receiver, the data exhibits remarkably low bias even in warm air near the Earth’s surface, where lower quality radio occultation data often suffers from uncontrolled biases. Research has shown that this degree of accuracy in the lower atmosphere is vital for forecasting hurricanes and other high-impact weather events.

GeoOptics’ mission is to provide the most detailed picture possible of our planet’s atmosphere, surface and subsurface to our customers as well as scientific users around the world. We have embarked on our mission with our first constellation of nanosatellites, known as CICERO – Community Initiative for Cellular Earth Remote Observation. The first operational satellites contain advanced Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS-RO) sensors developed in partnership with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems.


Artistic rendition of GeoOptics CICERO smallsats on-orbit. Image is courtesy of LASP/NASA/GeoOptics.

With the company’s initial CICERO satellites on-orbit, GeoOptics is now providing the first and only high-quality commercial radio occultation data from space. Satellites now in work will expand upon and refine this capability and deploy other technologies to provide a comprehensive picture of the Earth’s environment.


Dr. Alex Satlman

Dr. Alex Saltman, COO and architect of the new processing system related that the company is excited to provide this newly refined data to customers who depend on getting the most timely and precise weather data possible. The firm is leveraging new technologies across the GeoOptics satellites, ground systems and now data processing to deliver best-in-class data as a service to the government and commercial customers.

Filed Under: News

Rocket Lab to Launch Synspective’s StriX-a SAR Satellite

April 14, 2020 by editorial

Rocket Lab has signed a deal with Japanese satellite company Synspective to launch a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite in late 2020.

Synspective’s StriX-α satellite will be launched on an Electron launch vehicle as a dedicated mission from Launch Complex 1 in New Zealand.

The satellite will be the first in Synspective’s planned StriX constellation of around 25 SAR satellites designed to provide geospatial solutions. SAR satellites actively observe and acquire Earth surface information by transmitting and receiving reflected microwaves.

Compared with optical satellites, which rely on sunlight reflection, SAR can capture images of the ground surface in all weather conditions and at any time of the day or night.

With the StriX constellation, Synspective aims to equip companies, governments, and research organizations with high-quality and user-friendly information data that can be used for urban development planning, construction and infrastructure monitoring, and disaster response.


The launch of an Electron rocket from Launch Complex 1 in New Zealand. Photo is courtesy of Rocket Lab.

The StriX-α satellite will be the sole payload on the Electron launch vehicle for this mission, giving Synspective the ability to select the exact orbit, launch site, and launch timing that best suits the company’s needs.

Rocket Lab Founder and Chief Executive, Peter Beck, said the company is delighted to welcome Synspective to Electron the firm is honored to be play such a pivotal role in the development of the StriX constellation. Rocket Lab understands just how important it is to have control over the orbit and the launch schedule when building out a constellation, so the firm is proud to be delivering that capability to Synspective on Electron.

Synspective Founder and CEO, Dr. Motoyuki Arai, added the firm is pleased to work with Rocket Lab, a pioneer in rocket ventures. The company is also grateful for their flexibility in accepting Synspective’s requests on the satellite’s orbit and launch period. This year, the company will launch our first satellite as well as our SAR data solutions. With this launch, Synspective is taking a most important step toward establishing the company’s one stop service.

 

Filed Under: News

New Spacecraft Development and Test Facility Opened by General Atomics in Colorado

April 13, 2020 by editorial

General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems (GA-EMS) has opened a new, modern spacecraft development, integration and test factory with state-of-the-art laboratories and secure facilities in Centennial, Colorado.

The 33,514 square foot facility triples GA-EMS’ capacity for satellite production, integration and testing for single to constellation-sized orders, and also houses an expanded mission operations center to support on-orbit satellite and customer payload commissioning and operations.

In particular, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) class satellites, such as GA-EMS’ Orbital Test Bed satellite launched in 2019, are large enough to viably perform a variety of missions including weather and environmental monitoring, and lunar and planetary exploration, while small enough to be developed swiftly and affordably in large quantities. 

Scott Forney, president of GA-EMS, said Colorado is home to the nation’s second largest space economy and the company is excited to continue to expand development, production and mission capabilities in the region to meet the growing needs of the military, intelligence community, civil and commercial satellite communities. Over the last several years, the firm’s space portfolio has expanded to provide cost-effective design-to-on-orbit solutions offering a high degree of modularity and payload flexibility to suit a variety of mission needs and customer requirements. With this new, contemporary facility, the company can readily produce the quantities needed to meet the critical demand for small satellites in the rapidly growing space industry.”

Nick Bucci, VP of Missile Defense and Space Systems, add that this facility provides the ability to enhance the company’s portfolio of cost-efficient, flexible small satellite platforms, payloads, and integrated systems. GA-EMS has a history of development, integration, test and flight operations that are key to meeting the upcoming challenges to deliver constellation-sized missions to Low Earth Orbit and beyond. The firm’s highly experienced spacecraft engineers in Centennial are excited take on these unique challenges and deliver the innovative solutions that customers need.

 

Filed Under: News

Alba Orbital Reporting Unicorn-2C Smallsat Success

April 13, 2020 by editorial

Alba Orbital has announced the end of the mission and re-entry of Unicorn-2C (NOOR 1B), Alba’s first Unicorn spacecraft to make orbit.

The spacecraft successfully deployed its quadruple deployable solar panel and the customer operator confirmed reception of spacecraft signal. This is a great first step in space, moving the system to TRL-9.


The Unicorn-2C smallsat. Photo is courtesy of Alba Orbital.

While this was an experimental mission, the company is proud to reach this milestone and looks forward to upgrading Unicorn-2.0 to our Unicorn-2.1 architecture for new customers.

Achievements of the mission

  • First smallsat to successfully deploy quadruple deployable solar panels
  • First PocketQube to deploy a solar panel
  • First operational 3p PocketQube in history
  • Validation of Unicorn subsystems: Structure, Thermal, Backplane (OBC/EPS), Alba Radio, Unicorn OS (Software),
  • System moves from TRL-8 to TRL-9.
  • First full spacecraft delivered in-orbit to a commercial customer
  • FCC licensed, demonstrating route to license PocketQube in the US.
  • Contract kickoff to in-orbit deployment in under 1 year

Missions stats

Time on Orbit: 123 days (4 months, 1 day)

TLEs: 288

Average TLEs per day: 2.34

TLEs average update rate: 10 hrs 15 minutes

Injection Orbit Albapod: 403 x 348km, 97 degrees incl.

Learn more about using Unicorn-2 at this direct infolink…

Filed Under: News

VOX Space Receives $35 Million Task Order from the U.S. Space Force

April 10, 2020 by editorial

The U.S. Space Force’s Rocket Systems Launch Program (RSLP) Office at Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico, part of the Space and Missile Systems Center’s Launch Enterprise, has awarded a $35 million task order to VOX Space, LLC, of El Segundo, California, for the Space Test Program-S28 (STP-S28) launch service — this is the first task order under the Orbital Services Program-4 (OSP-4) Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) contract.

STP-S28 is a complex mission that will deliver a number of technology demonstrations to orbit, such as Space Domain Awareness and communications advancement, and inform future space system development.

VOX Space, a U.S.-incorporated, wholly-owned subsidiary of Virgin Orbit, LLC, will use three launches of the LauncherOne rocket to deliver 44 smallsats to LEO. The first launch is tentatively planned for October 2021.

Col. Rob Bongiovi, director of SMC’s Launch Enterprise at Los Angeles Air Force Base, aid the competitive award of the STP-S28 task order is a prime example of the flexible and responsive contracting processes the Launch Enterprise is using to deliver resilient and affordable space capabilities to our Nation. In today’s contested space domain, contracts must be flexible and responsive to meet the challenges facing the warfighter. The Small Launch and Targets Division accomplished the awarding of the STP-S28 task order in only five months using the OSP-4 contract.

The STP-S28 mission will provide orbital launch services for the Department of Defense’s Space Test Program. The DoD Space Test Program furthers the maturation of space-based warfighter technologies across the DoD enterprise by providing space access solutions for all research and development-related DoD auxiliary payloads on DoD, civil and commercial launches, and for all non-DoD auxiliary payloads seeking launch opportunities on DoD missions.

STP will provide payloads for STP-S28 via the DoD Space Experiments Review Board (SERB), as well as provide a number of International and Rideshare experiments. One such payload is QUEYSSAT, the #10 ranked SERB experiment and a cooperative effort between the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory and the Canadian Department of National Defence. This experiment will demonstrate and quantify the potential to improve Earth-satellite quantum channel uplinks via adaptive optics, expand quantum network concepts and exploit this capability for defense applications.

QUEYSSAT is illustrative of the technology demonstrations capable via smallsats that will be launched with this mission, as well as demonstrates one of the nearly 20 different organizations STP will partner with. OSP-4 allows for the rapid acquisition of launch services to meet mission requirements enabling launch within 12-24 months from Task Order award on a competitive basis.

OSP-4 also allows for yearly on-ramps throughout the ordering period to ensure emerging, innovative launch providers who are nearing completion of development and are launch capable within one year are part of the vendor pool to preserve, stimulate or enhance the competition pool. The STP-S28 mission is the first of 20 missions projected over the OSP-4 nine-year ordering period.

Lt. Col. Ryan Rose, chief of the Small Launch and Targets Division at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, added that the organization is excited to partner with VOX Space and believe the STP-S28 mission will showcase industry innovation, international partnering and provide a gateway to work with some of the newest, leading-edge entrants for emerging small launch service providers. With these small launch contracts, the organization is able to take more risks and move quickly to produce high rewards and tactically responsive launch capabilities for combatant commanders. This program provides the perfect opportunity to highlight SMC’s ability to streamline procurement and mission execution, foster innovation, and preserve the best chance for mission success.

STP-S29 is the next mission task order Rose’s team is working. They are currently in the requirements development phase and project an award by the end of 2020.

The Space and Missile Systems Center is the U.S. Space Force’s center of excellence for acquiring and developing military space systems. SMC’s portfolio includes space launch, global positioning, military space vehicle communications, defense meteorological space vehicles, range systems, space vehicle control networks, space-based infrared systems, and space situational awareness capabilities.

Filed Under: News

Forrester Reports: Intelsat Financing Possibilities and Swarm Obtains Approvals

April 9, 2020 by editorial


Chris Forrester

Journalist Chris Forrester has filed a story at the Advanced Television infosite regarding unconfirmed reports that have been sourced from financial analyst and data company Debtwire suggest that Intelsat might be exploring relocation cost financing and that the company’s unsecured bond-holders have hired a law firm.

The news prompted a 57 percent rise in Intelsat’s share price on April 8 to $1.65 (from $1.05) and, at one point during the day, hit $1.82 per share. Intelsat is heavily indebted with some $14 billion in debt and borrowings.

The news comes with a further batch of Class Actions launched against certain major shareholders in the satellite company. As we have reported, there has been little visibility over the past two months as to Intelsat’s intentions. It could receive some $5 billion as a result of a planned FCC auction of some of its C-band spectrum, but to qualify for that payment, it has to take part in the auction.

Intelsat’s last quarterly earnings report was issued on February 20 with the firm’s next report, for Q1, expected about mid-May.

The Advanced Television infosite is also hosting a story that notes the Swarm Technologies constellation of SpaceBee satellites that achieved notoriety back in September of 2018, when the company behind the system launched four of its craft into orbit aboard an Indian rocket, which then resulted in a problem because the company had not been licensed to launch, or operate, while in orbit. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was not pleased and fined the business $900,000.

The criticism was not helped insofar as the FCC had earlier specifically forbidden Swarm to launch satellites. California-based Swarm wants its fleet of satellites to serve Internet of Things (IoT) applications and it has established ground stations in the US, UK, Antarctica, Sweden, New Zealand and the Azores islands.

The company has now received all the necessary FCC permissions to continue its business plan. “Having received all regulatory approvals to operate commercially in the US, in several other countries, and over international waters, we are one step closer to providing affordable satellite connectivity to the world,” Swarm stated in a blog statement.


Swarm Technologies smallsat.

The company added that it would start services later this year with 30 ground stations ready to relay the constellations data. The plan calls for 150 low orbiting satellites, although the FCC permissions extend to 600 SpaceBees, should the company want to expand their orbital portfolio.

Filed Under: News

Made in Space Assisting in the Fight Against COVID-19 with Additive Manufactured Face Shields

April 9, 2020 by editorial

Made In Space (MIS) is helping in the fight against COVID-19 by providing frontline healthcare workers with much-needed supplies and equipment.

MIS facilities in Jacksonville, Florida, and Moffett Field, California, are using their additive manufacturing resources to provide hundreds of 3D printed face shields to local-area hospitals to augment the shortage of critical personal protective equipment (PPE) supplies.


Made in Space face shield.

The design includes a 3D printed frame with an adjustable headband that allows a clear plastic face shield to be easily snapped onto the frame. More than 200 masks have been produced over the last five days and are being distributed to local-area hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida, and Mountain View, California.

The worldwide shortage of PPE such as face shields, medical masks, and gowns increases the risk of exposure for healthcare personnel who are ill-equipped to care for COVID-19 patients. Hospitals and frontline workers are frantically implementing crisis capacity strategies to manage the inadequate supply of PPE and medical equipment.

MIS is engaging its engineering, manufacturing and design expertise to assess additional solutions to help in the fight. MIS engineers worked with local-area doctors in Jacksonville to quickly develop a rapid response ventilator adapter to enable a single ventilator to safely support multiple patients in extreme situations.

MIS Chief Engineer Michael Snyder said that in times of crisis, it is important for everyone to come together and the firm has  obligation to support those on the front lines. The Made in Space team is using every available 3D printing resource the company has to produce face shields to support local healthcare personnel.

Made in Space develops state-of-the-art space manufacturing technology to support exploration, national security, and sustainable space settlement. The firm pioneers sustainable space infrastructure to support customer missions, promote national security and drive exploration objectives through advanced space manufacturing.

 

Filed Under: Featured, News

A 500th Space System Milestone will be Reached by NearSpace Launch this Summer

April 9, 2020 by editorial

NearSpace Launch Inc. (NSL) will be delivering its 500th space system for launch during the summer of 2020.

NSL is marking this milestone by announcing the creation of a new STEM 501(c3) non-profit to help students achieve their dreams of near space science research in atmospheres and astronomy.

The NSL board and employees consist of several professors, teachers and educators with decades of experience in teaching and space research. NSL has built satellites and subsystems with the U.S. Air Force, DoD, NASA, State Officials, Universities and Industry.

One recent STEM mission included flying a 60 satellite, STEM constellation for school districts in Virginia. Over the past 5 years, NSL has had 100% mission success rate in the space environment.

The company launched Indiana’s first satellite (TSAT) with Taylor University in 2014, with a core mission to improve education and inspire future generations. NSL realizes the best way to grow STEM education is through NearSpace Education (NSE).

NSE will focus on partnering with schools and other education institutions to further project-based learning efforts via classroom labs, high-altitude balloon launches and low-cost smallsats which will enter space orbit.

Dr. Hank Voss, Co-Founder and Chief Scientist of NSL, said it is hard to believe NSL has had the privilege of seeing 500 systems and subsystems go into orbit over such a short time period. It has been accomplished in partnership with so many different customers from different industries and the hard work of a dedicated NSL team.

Jeff Dailey, Co-Founder and Chief Engineer of NSL, added he is excited that NSE will help and mentor current teachers with engineering support.

NSL manufactures and produces ThinSats, CubeSats, Black Boxes, and Globalstar enabled communication systems (EyeStar radios) for a variety of commercial, governmental, and educational applications. NSL was founded following the successful mission of TSAT with Globalstar. The mission proved a 24/7 effective connection was possible through an NSL EyeStar radio via the Globalstar constellation. NSL has a heritage of 8 FastBus CubeSats, 150+ EyeStar radios, 60 ThinSat and additional sub-systems all excelling in their respective mission tasks.

 

Filed Under: News

  • « Go to Previous Page
  • Page 1
  • Interim pages omitted …
  • Page 40
  • Page 41
  • Page 42
  • Page 43
  • Page 44
  • Interim pages omitted …
  • Page 57
  • Go to Next Page »

Primary Sidebar

WEEKLY NEWSLETTER

Archives

  • November 2026
  • October 2026
  • September 2026
  • August 2026
  • July 2026
  • June 2026
  • May 2026
  • April 2026
  • March 2026
  • February 2026
  • January 2026
  • December 2025
  • November 2025
  • October 2025
  • September 2025
  • August 2025
  • July 2025
  • June 2025
  • May 2025
  • April 2025
  • March 2025
  • February 2025
  • January 2025
  • December 2024
  • November 2024
  • October 2024
  • September 2024
  • August 2024
  • July 2024
  • June 2024
  • May 2024
  • April 2024
  • March 2024
  • February 2024
  • January 2024
  • December 2023
  • November 2023
  • October 2023
  • September 2023
  • August 2023
  • July 2023
  • June 2023
  • May 2023
  • April 2023
  • March 2023
  • February 2023
  • January 2023
  • December 2022
  • November 2022
  • October 2022
  • September 2022
  • August 2022
  • July 2022
  • June 2022
  • May 2022
  • April 2022
  • March 2022
  • February 2022
  • January 2022
  • December 2021
  • November 2021
  • October 2021
  • September 2021
  • August 2021
  • July 2021
  • June 2021
  • May 2021
  • April 2021
  • March 2021
  • February 2021
  • January 2021
  • December 2020
  • November 2020
  • October 2020
  • September 2020
  • August 2020
  • July 2020
  • June 2020
  • May 2020
  • April 2020
  • March 2020
  • February 2020
  • January 2020
  • December 2019
  • November 2019
  • October 2019

© 2019–2026 SatNews

Insert/edit link

Enter the destination URL

Or link to existing content

    No search term specified. Showing recent items. Search or use up and down arrow keys to select an item.
      x
      Sign Up Now!

      Enjoy a free weekly newsletter with recent headlines from the global SmallSat industry.

      Invalid email address
      We promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time.
      Thanks for subscribing! You will now receive weekly SmallSat News updates.
      We love our advertisers.
      And you will too!

      Please disable Ad Blocker to continue... We promise to keep it unobtrusive.
      We promise not to spam you. You can unsubscribe at any time.
      Invalid email address
      Thanks for subscribing!